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9 Introduction General cautions and warnings All Working Load Limits (WLL) indicated in this catalogue or in other Van Beest literature or publications are only applicable to recently supplied, new and unused products, which are used under normal conditions. Should extreme circumstances or shock loading be applicable, this must be taken into account when specifying the products to be used. The Working Load Limit should be applied in a straight pull and overloads should not be applied. Side loads should be avoided, as the products are not designed for this purpose and the application of a side load may significantly decrease the product life. The Working Load Limit for the product corresponds to static use. In case of dynamic use (breaking, accelerations, shocks), the effective stress on the product increases significantly which can lead to product failure. It is required that the products are regularly inspected and that the inspection should take place in accordance with the safety standards given in the country of use. This is required because the products in use may be affected by wear, misuse, overloading etc. with a consequence of deformation and alteration of the material structure. Inspection should take place at least every six months and even more frequently when the products are used in severe operating conditions. In accordance with our on-going policy to improve our products, some dimensions or product markings may differ from those stated. The characteristics mentioned in this catalogue or in other Van Beest literature or publications are given merely as an indication. Van Beest reserves the right to make all suitable modifications to any product, even after acceptance of the customer order. In any case, the essential characteristics and performances of the products shall not be negatively affected by such modifications. Any dimension considered to be critical should be verified with our engineering department. Verification before first use Before first use of the chain sling it should be ensured that: • the chain sling is precisely as requested and ordered • the valid manufacturer certificate and EC declaration are at hand • the identification and the working load limit mentioned on the sling correspond to the information given on the certificate • full details of the chain sling are recorded (components, diameter, number of legs, angle, grade) in the register of lifting equipment • the users of the sling have received appropriate instruction and training Verification before each use Before each use the chain sling should be visually inspected for obvious damage or deterioration (refer to warning about each component or chain). If faults are found during this inspection, the sling should be withdrawn from service and referred to a competent person for thorough examination. Some parts can be replaced or the complete sling can be discarded. A thorough inspection should be carried out by a competent person at intervals not exceeding six months and even more frequently when the slings are used in severe operation conditions. Records of such inspections should be maintained. Chains slings should be thoroughly cleaned to remove any oil, dirt, rust prior to inspection. Any cleaning method which does not damage the material is acceptable. Methods to avoid are those using acids, overheating, removal of metal or movement of metal which may cover cracks or surface defects. The chain sling should be inspected throughout its full length to detect any evidence of wear, distortion or external damage. Any replacement component or part of the chain sling should be in accordance with the appropriate European Standard or the safety standards given in the country of use for that component or part. With chain slings, if any chain link within the leg of a chain sling is required to be replaced then the whole of the chain within that leg should be renewed. The repair of chain in a welded chain sling should exclusively be carried out by the chain manufacturer using the adequate welding process. Components showing any defect should be discarded and replaced. Where repair is carried out by replacement of a mechanically assembled component, proof testing is not required providing that the component has already been tested by the manufacturer in accordance with the relevant European Standard. Handling of the load • It is important to check the chain sling before lifting and also to check the load itself too. Check if there are any specific instructions provided for the lifting of the load (given by the manufacturer of the load). Before starting the lift, it should be ensured that the load is free to move and is not bolted down or nothing could fall from the load. The path between the previous location and the new one must be free. • The weight of the load must be known in order to select a sling with the correct working load limit. If the weight of the load is not marked, the information should be obtained from the consignment notes, manuals, drawings or assessed by calculation. • The position of the centre of gravity of the load should be established in relation to the possible points of attachment of the chain sling. To prevent any tilting or toppling, the following conditions should be met: - for single leg and endless chain slings the attachment points should be directly above the centre of gravity. - for two leg chain slings the attachment points should be on either side of, and above the centre of gravity. - for three and four leg chain slings the attachment points should be distributed in a plane around the centre of gravity. It is preferable that the weight distribution should be equal and that the attachment points are above the centre of gravity.