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Product Selection Rope Diameter Correct and consistent rope diameter is essential for optimum working performance. Ensure that the rope diameter is correctly measured and that the resulting diameter is appropriate for the working system. Incorrect diameter can reduce performance and cause unsafe working conditions. St rength Rope strength should be specified as Minimum Breaking Strength or Minimum Breaking Force. The breaking strength of the rope is determined by the wire tensile strength and steel cross sectional area. The steel fill factor and rope construction can be varied to suit the operating conditions. Strand compaction can be used for increased rope strength and service life. Rope Torsion All wire ropes have inherent rotation characteristics that will produce a turning moment in the rope. With both rope ends fixed and unable to rotate, the turning moment will generate a TORQUE force at the fixed points. Whereas, if one end of the rope is free to rotate, the generated force will result in rope TURN and therefore load rotation. Wire ropes can be designed to achieve the desired rotational properties required by the application. Single Layer ropes such as the 6 and 8 strand have a much greater tendency to rotate under load, whereas Multistrand ropes, which depend upon the opposing torsional values of the various layers of strands, offer much greater torsional stability. As the wire rope construction options are numerous, KISWIRE would be pleased to offer technical advice on rope selection. Product Selection Untwisting Effect in degrees/metre Applied Load as % MBL Predicted Rope Rotation with Zero Restraining Torque Torque/Rope Diameter (tonnef) Rope Tension (tonnef) Comparison of Rope Torques Grooves for Pulleys, Sheaves and Drums 0 5 10 15 20 25 8 Strand 6 Strand Multistrand 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 8 Strand 6 Strand Multistrand 8 Strand - 8.5% 6 Strand - 7.1% Multistrand - 1.9% Torque Factors Single Layer 2 Layer The torque generated is the torque factor (%) multiplied by the rope diameter multiplied by the applied load. Wi re Rope Select ion When replacing a wire rope, refer to the relevant Original Equipment Manufacturers recommendation and rope test certification. To ensure safe and efficient operation, replacement ropes should conform to the specified nominal rope diameter and be at least equal to the required strength originally specified. Additionally, the wire rope construction selected should provide similar or improved working properties for resistance to rotation, bend fatigue, crushing, abrasion and corrosion. Where an original wire rope is to be supplied, or where the required working conditions have changed, KISWIRE should be consulted to obtain the best possible advice and recommendations. Axial St i f fness (EA) Axial Stiffness (EA) is determined by E x A x 10 -3 , in MN, where: E - is the apparent modulus of the rope in kN/mm 2 , shown below for 6x37 IWRC group constructions. A - is the cross sectional area of the circumscribed circle (mm 2 ) based on the nominal rope diameter. e.g. EA for 76.2mm dia. 6x36: 58.86 x 4560 x 10 -3 = 268 MN Flexural St i f fness (EI) Flexural Stiffness (EI) is determined by E x I x 10 -6 , in N.m 2 , where: E - is the Stiffness Factor in N/mm 2 , shown below for appropriate 6x37 IWRC group constructions. I - is the Second Moment of Area of the rope (d 4 ), using Nominal Diameter d. e.g. EI for 76.2mm dia. 6x36: 15.6 x 76.2 4 x 10 -6 = 526 N.m 2 N.B. In both cases the Stiffness values apply to new rope with little or no applied load. On all technical queries and parameters, it is always best to verify your requirements with the KISWIRE QA Dept. 6x36, 6x41 and 6x49 58.86 6xK36, 6xK41 and 6xK49 63.77 Construction 6x37 IWRC API classification E kN/mm² 6x36 15.6 6xK36 18.8 6x41 14.5 6xK41 17.6 6x49 12.6 6xK49 14.4 Construction 6x37 IWRC API classification Stiffness Factor N/mm²